南宋历史简介20字：建于1127年，至1279年亡于元。江南文化鼎盛，文人墨客蜂起。

在中国的 feudal society, the role of intellectuals during the Southern Song Dynasty was a significant phenomenon. The period from 1127 to 1279 saw the rise of numerous literary and artistic achievements, which were largely contributed by these scholars.

The first group of intellectuals in South Song Dynasty can be traced back to the late years of Northern Song Dynasty. With the fall of Kaifeng in 1126, many literati fled southward with their families. They brought with them not only their knowledge but also their cultural heritage, which laid a solid foundation for future generations.

One notable figure during this time is Su Shi (Su Dongpo), who served as an important official and writer in both Northern and Southern Song Dynasties. He is known for his poems that reflect his deep love for nature and his strong sense of justice.

Another influential group emerged later during the reigns of Emperor Gaozong (r.1127-1162) and Emperor Xiaozong (r.1162-1189). These scholars were primarily engaged in Buddhist studies or Confucianism, contributing greatly to China's philosophical development.

In addition to these traditional pursuits, there was also a growing interest in art and literature among intellectuals at this time. The invention of movable type printing technology further facilitated knowledge dissemination among common people as well as elites alike.

As we delve deeper into understanding intellectual life under South Song Dynasty rule, it becomes apparent that they played multiple roles: political advisors, artists & writers; philosophers & thinkers; educators & reformers - all while navigating complex social hierarchies within feudal society itself!

Despite facing challenges such as war against Jin dynasty armies from northwards invasion along with internal strife amongst regional warlords over power struggle etc., they managed remarkable achievements through innovative ideas applied across various disciplines!

The aforementioned key individuals involved themselves actively participating at different levels ranging from state affairs management down towards arts creation where one may witness significant growth particularly seen after early periods' instability settling into somewhat more stable timescales due perhaps?